No Hess employee was party to any aspect of the project from design to data analysis and reaching conclusions. Several Hess employees helped in various logistical aspects of the project but ONLY in a technical sense since the logistics of the project was highly complex and needed specialized assistance (e.g., managing the seismic air gun). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript or conclusions reached in the ms. This was under a corporate contract to CSA Inc. įunding: Funds were provided by the Hess Corporation. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data are available on UMaryland DRUM system with DOI. Received: NovemAccepted: JPublished: August 9, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Popper et al. Daniel Deng, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, UNITED STATES (2016) Effects of Exposure to the Sound from Seismic Airguns on Pallid Sturgeon and Paddlefish. However, the risks from exposure to multiple sounds and to sound exposure levels that exceed those reported here remain to be examined.Ĭitation: Popper AN, Gross JA, Carlson TJ, Skalski J, Young JV, Hawkins AD, et al. Exposure to a single pulse from a small air gun array (10,160 cm 3) was not lethal for pallid sturgeon and paddlefish.
Necropsy results indicated that the probability of delayed mortality associated with pulse pressure following the seven day monitoring period was the same for exposed and control fish of both species. Treatment and control fish were then monitored for seven days, euthanized, and necropsied to determine injuries. Additional cages were placed at greater distances in an attempt to develop a dose-response relationship. Experimental fish were held in cages as close as 1 to 3 m from the guns where peak negative sound pressure levels (Peak- SPL) reached 231 dB re 1 μPa (205 dB re 1 μPa 2
The experiment was designed to detect the onset of physiological responses including minor to mortal injuries. This study examined the effects of exposure to a single acoustic pulse from a seismic airgun array on caged endangered pallid sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchus albus) and on paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula) in Lake Sakakawea (North Dakota, USA).
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